Antigua and Barbuda is a small island nation located in the eastern Caribbean, consisting of two main islands Antigua and Barbuda and several smaller islets. Though compact in size, the country is rich in culture, history, and coastal beauty. While Antigua and Barbuda may not have large cities in the traditional sense, it is home to several important towns and settlements that function as cultural, economic, and administrative hubs. Exploring the key cities and towns of Antigua and Barbuda provides a deeper understanding of life on the islands and the unique charm each location brings to the nation’s identity.
St. John’s – The Capital City
The capital of Antigua and Barbuda is St. John’s, located on the northwest coast of Antigua. St. John’s is the largest city in the country and serves as the administrative, commercial, and tourism center. The city is home to a majority of government buildings, banks, shopping centers, and historical landmarks. Its colorful colonial architecture and bustling markets give it a lively character, blending old-world charm with modern Caribbean life.
St. John’s Harbour is a popular cruise ship destination, and many visitors arrive via this port. The harbor area features restaurants, souvenir shops, and cultural attractions. Notable landmarks in the city include
- St. John’s Cathedral – A prominent Anglican church with twin towers and a storied history.
- Heritage Quay – A shopping and duty-free area near the cruise port.
- Public Market Complex – A vibrant location to find local produce, crafts, and spices.
St. John’s is also the location of the national museum and various cultural centers that showcase the rich heritage of Antigua and Barbuda. With a population of approximately 20,000 people, it is a relatively small city but remains central to the country’s governance and economy.
All Saints – The Largest Town
Although not a city, All Saints is the largest town in terms of population after St. John’s and plays an important role in the island’s cultural landscape. It is located in the interior of Antigua, about 10 kilometers southeast of the capital. All Saints is known for its traditional Antiguan lifestyle and is made up of several smaller communities, including Freeman’s Village, Sea View Farm, and Clark’s Hill.
This town is primarily residential and has a strong agricultural background. It is less tourist-oriented than coastal settlements but offers a glimpse into daily life on the island. All Saints is also near the historic Betty’s Hope sugar plantation, one of the oldest estates in Antigua, offering insight into the colonial history of the island.
Local Attractions and Features
- Betty’s Hope – A restored sugar mill and museum complex.
- Local churches and schools that serve the surrounding communities.
- Access to central road networks connecting the island’s towns and beaches.
All Saints offers a more subdued but authentic experience compared to the busy capital and resort areas.
Liberta – A Historic Community
Situated near the southern coast of Antigua, Liberta is one of the oldest freedmen’s villages in the Caribbean. It was founded by emancipated slaves in the early 19th century, following the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. The town’s name, Liberta, symbolizes freedom and independence.
Liberta is surrounded by lush hills and lies close to popular tourist destinations like Falmouth Harbour and English Harbour. Though not a major urban center, Liberta holds cultural and historical significance, especially in the context of Antigua’s post-emancipation society.
Community Life in Liberta
- Primarily a residential area with small businesses and churches.
- Close-knit community known for hospitality and historical pride.
- Located along routes to major attractions such as Nelson’s Dockyard.
Liberta reflects the resilience and history of the people of Antigua and remains a place of local pride.
English Harbour – Tourism and Sailing Hub
English Harbour is not a city in the traditional sense, but it is a major town with significant historical and touristic appeal. It is located on the southern coast of Antigua and is world-famous for its maritime heritage. English Harbour is home to Nelson’s Dockyard, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the only Georgian-era dockyard still in operation.
Today, English Harbour is a thriving center for sailing and yachting. The harbor fills with luxury boats and sailing vessels from around the world, especially during Antigua Sailing Week and other international regattas. The town also offers resorts, restaurants, and nightlife, making it a popular destination for visitors and locals alike.
Key Features of English Harbour
- Nelson’s Dockyard – Historic naval dockyard and museum.
- Shirley Heights – A hilltop lookout with stunning views and weekly music events.
- Marinas and boatyards supporting the island’s sailing industry.
English Harbour blends history, tourism, and nautical culture, serving as a vibrant community during peak seasons.
Codrington – The Main Town of Barbuda
Located on the island of Barbuda, Codrington is the only significant settlement on the island. It serves as the administrative and residential center of Barbuda and is home to most of the island’s population. Codrington was severely impacted by Hurricane Irma in 2017, but reconstruction efforts have been ongoing to restore homes and public infrastructure.
Codrington is smaller and more remote than settlements on Antigua, giving it a peaceful and untouched atmosphere. It is surrounded by pristine beaches, salt ponds, and wildlife sanctuaries, making it ideal for eco-tourism. The town has basic amenities, including schools, shops, and government offices, but its simplicity is part of its charm.
Nature and Community in Codrington
- Frigate Bird Sanctuary – Located in nearby Codrington Lagoon.
- Unspoiled beaches and reefs perfect for diving and snorkeling.
- Traditional fishing and farming remain common livelihoods.
Codrington is a vital part of Antigua and Barbuda’s identity and plays a key role in representing the natural and cultural beauty of Barbuda.
Other Notable Towns and Villages
While the country has only a few recognized urban centers, many small towns and villages contribute to its national character. These include
- Bolans – A growing town on the southwest coast near popular beaches and resorts.
- Swetes – A village located inland near Liberta and All Saints.
- Parham – One of the oldest towns in Antigua, known for its historic church and harbor.
- Potters Village – Located near St. John’s and known for its residential communities.
Each of these towns adds to the cultural and social diversity of Antigua and Barbuda, supporting tourism, agriculture, and local craftsmanship.
Antigua and Barbuda may not have large metropolitan cities, but its towns and settlements reflect a vibrant blend of history, culture, and Caribbean charm. From the bustling capital of St. John’s to the peaceful fishing village of Codrington in Barbuda, each location has its own story and significance. These cities and towns form the backbone of daily life in the islands and offer a unique perspective for travelers and residents alike. Whether you are exploring heritage sites, sailing in turquoise waters, or engaging with friendly local communities, the cities of Antigua and Barbuda provide an unforgettable experience.