Snowball is one of the most significant characters in George Orwell’s Animal Farm,” serving as a symbol of idealism, intelligence, and revolutionary spirit. As a pig who takes an active leadership role after the animals overthrow Mr. Jones, Snowball represents the visionary and progressive force in the story. His ideas and actions contrast sharply with those of Napoleon, highlighting the complex dynamics of power, politics, and ideology on the farm. Understanding how Snowball is portrayed sheds light on the broader themes of the novella, such as leadership struggles, propaganda, and the corruption of revolutionary ideals.
Snowball’s Role as a Leader
From the very beginning of the rebellion, Snowball emerges as a passionate and articulate leader who seeks to organize the animals and build a better society. He is intelligent, persuasive, and committed to the principles of Animalism, the philosophy promoting equality and collective ownership.
Visionary and Idealistic
- Snowball advocates for education and literacy among all animals.
- He promotes the Seven Commandments as a guide for fairness.
- He envisions improvements such as the windmill to ease labor.
- Committed to the idea that all animals should share equally in the farm’s success.
His enthusiasm and innovative ideas make him a symbol of hope and progress, inspiring many animals to believe in a better future.
Snowball’s Conflict with Napoleon
Snowball’s leadership is challenged by Napoleon, another pig with more ruthless and manipulative tendencies. Their rivalry drives much of the plot, reflecting the power struggle between different visions for the farm’s future.
Political and Personal Rivalry
- Snowball represents democratic ideals and cooperation.
- Napoleon embodies authoritarian control and self-interest.
- The conflict culminates in Snowball’s expulsion by Napoleon’s dogs.
- Snowball becomes a scapegoat for all problems on the farm after his exile.
This struggle between Snowball and Napoleon mirrors historical political conflicts, especially those seen in communist revolutions, emphasizing themes of betrayal and power corruption.
Snowball’s Contributions to the Farm
Despite his eventual removal, Snowball’s influence remains visible through his efforts and ideas. He works hard to organize the animals and improve their living conditions, showing dedication and foresight.
Military Strategy and Defense
Snowball plays a key role in defending the farm during the Battle of the Cowshed. His tactical skills help the animals repel Mr. Jones and his men, solidifying the revolution’s early success.
Innovations and Plans
- Proposes the construction of the windmill to generate electricity and reduce labor.
- Encourages committees and meetings to involve all animals in decision-making.
- Focuses on modernization and long-term improvements.
These contributions emphasize Snowball’s role as a forward-thinking leader who prioritizes collective welfare.
Snowball as a Symbol
In “Animal Farm,” Snowball symbolizes the idealistic revolutionary who is ultimately betrayed by the very movement he helped start. He represents the hope for equality and social justice but also the vulnerability of such ideals in the face of power struggles.
Symbol of Revolutionary Idealism
- Embodies the dream of a fair and just society.
- Represents intellectual leadership and reform.
- His exile signifies the failure of revolutionary purity.
Victim of Propaganda
After his expulsion, Napoleon uses Snowball as a scapegoat, blaming him for problems on the farm. This tactic shows how political leaders manipulate public perception to maintain control, further highlighting Snowball’s tragic role.
Animal Reactions to Snowball
The animals have mixed feelings about Snowball. Many admire his intelligence and dedication, but others are confused or fearful due to Napoleon’s propaganda campaign against him.
Supporters of Snowball
- Animals who value his leadership and ideas.
- Those who remember his contributions fondly.
- Characters like Boxer who respect hard work and vision.
Those Influenced by Propaganda
- Animals swayed to distrust Snowball as a “traitor.”
- General confusion about the truth behind his exile.
- Fear used to suppress dissent and maintain Napoleon’s power.
Snowball’s Legacy in the Novel
Even though Snowball is physically absent for much of the novel, his ideas and presence continue to influence the story. His character acts as a reminder of the original revolutionary ideals that become corrupted over time.
Contrast with Napoleon’s Rule
- Snowball’s vision of equality versus Napoleon’s tyranny.
- His progressive ideas versus the stagnation under Napoleon.
- The betrayal of revolution symbolized by Snowball’s downfall.
Enduring Symbol of Hope
For readers, Snowball remains a symbol of what might have been a vision of fairness and collective progress. His character highlights the dangers of power struggles and the loss of idealism in political revolutions.
Snowball in “Animal Farm” is a complex figure who embodies the best hopes of the revolution but ultimately falls victim to the darker forces of power and manipulation. His intelligence, dedication, and vision contrast with Napoleon’s authoritarianism, making him a key symbol of idealism and betrayal. Snowball’s treatment by other characters, his role in pivotal events, and his lasting influence provide deep insights into the novel’s themes of leadership, propaganda, and the corruption of noble causes. Through Snowball, Orwell offers a powerful commentary on how revolutionary ideals can be compromised and the human costs of political power struggles.